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Articulation disorders are characterized by sound substitutions and distortions of individual speech sounds, such as (wabbit instead of rabbit).

Children with phonological disorders exhibit difficulties identifying subtle differences in speech sounds.  A phonological disorder can have a negative impact on literacy skills.  Phonological disorders are predictable errored patterns in speech such as, fronting, stopping and final consonant deletion.

Known as CAS childhood apraxia of speech is a disorder in which the brain has difficulty coordinating oral motor movements to produce speech sounds, syllables, words, and phrases.  It is important to begin CAS therapy where the child feels most successful and encourage the use of verbal approximations.

A fluency disorder disrupts speed, rhythm and flow of speech.  People who clutter have an accelerated rate of speech and insert "uh", or deleting final consonants from words, a coexisting language impairment may also be present. 

A receptive language disorder is absent of any hearing disorder, however the person with a receptive language disorder does not understand the semantic/syntactic rules of language and may respond in ways that are irrelevant to the conversation.  An expressive language disorder is characterized by difficulty expressing language verbally and in written form.

A group of developmental disorders that may cause difficulties with communication, social and behavioral skills.

This is an impairment that impacts a person's ability to understand subtle social cues in language such as, (greetings, making requests, topic maintenance, attention and humor).  A social skills/pragmatic language skills impairment, may lead to a person feeling isolated and have difficulty making and keeping friends.

Dysphagia can impact children and adults.  Feeding disorders include difficulties with sucking, eating from a utensil, chewing and can be present in different stages of the swallow (oral phase, pharyngeal phase, esophageal phase.  Feeding disorders may exist with a sensory component with the child/adult staying away from certain food textures, which can lead to poor nutrition/failure to thrive.

Voice disorders include hypernasality, hyponasality, hoarseness, and reduced loudness.  Voice disorders can be caused by a number of underlying diagnoses in children and adults.  We can provide treatment that includes a variety of techniques with focus on breath support , vocal hygiene and overall increased vocal quality.

Cognitive-linguistic impairments include difficulty with memory, problem solving and attention, which can hinder a person's ability to complete daily tasks.  Aphasia impacts a person's ability to communicate and can lead to isolation.